| Nimeke: | Factors affecting secretion and surface display of heterologous proteins in Lactococcus lactis |
| Muu nimeke: | Faktorer som påverkar sekretion och uttryck av främmande proteiner på ytan hos mjölksyrebakterien Lactococcus lactis |
| Tekijä: | Lindholm, Agneta |
| Muu tekijä: | Helsingin yliopisto, eläinlääketieteellinen tiedekunta Helsingfors universitet, veterinärmedicinska fakulteten University of Helsinki, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Veterinary Biosciences |
| Päiväys: | 2010-11-26 |
| Taso: | Väitöskirja (artikkeli) |
| Tiivistelmä: | Bacteria are utilized for the production of many heterologous proteins, including industrially important enzymes, pharmaceuticals and vaccines. This has resulted in an extensive research on the steps along the protein production pathway in both Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria, in order to understand the mechanisms involved and to develop new and better tools for optimal production. However, there is still a lack in our understanding regarding bacterial protein synthesis and the production of every target protein has to be experimentally evaluated. Even so, satisfying quantity and quality of many produced proteins have not been reached.
In some applications, including industrial production of enzymes, the aim is usually to produce high yields of the target protein. This can best be accomplished if the protein is secreted into the culture medium from where it can be purified. In other applications, e.g. bacterial delivery of an antigen to mucosal surfaces, the requirement to reach the maximum yield might not be the main goal. Instead, the production system could be optimized in order to display the target antigen on the bacterial surface, from where it could be presented to the immune system on mucosal surfaces. During the last decade, there has been an increasing interest to utilize non-pathogenic and probiotic bacteria as vehicles for the delivery of therapeutic and prophylactic molecules to mucosal surfaces. Especially, lactic acid bacteria (LAB) with putative probiotic properties are interesting candidates. In this work, the secretion and surface display of heterologous proteins in the food-grade LAB Lactococcus lactis was studied. In the first part, the protein secretion pathway of L. lactis was complemented with the extracellular chaperone PrsA from Bacillus subtilis. With the nisin-controlled gene expression (NICE) system, PrsA was produced in an active form in L. lactis and its function was similar to its function in B. subtilis. That is, PrsA increased the secretion yield of a PrsA-target protein, whereas it had no effect on the secretion of a PrsA-nontarget protein. Even though the secretion yield increased, some of the PrsA-target protein remained partly trapped on the trans side of the cytoplasma membrane in an unprocessed form, indicating a problem at late stages of secretion. In the second part, the secretion efficiency and surface display of different proteins were optimized. The target proteins were produced as translational fusions with the lactococcal proteinase PrtP and the lactococcal autolysin AcmA cell wall binding repeats. Different fragments, spanning the H- and W-domains of PrtP were utilized as spacers, to extend the target protein through the cell wall to the bacterial surface. With this method, two target proteins were successfully surface displayed and recognized by their respective antibodies in whole-cell enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay studies. Escherichia coli beta-lactamase (Bla) was mainly used as an easily detectable reporter protein when the first constructs were made, whereas the Lactobacillus brevis S-layer (SlpA) receptor binding domain rendered the nonadhesive L. lactis cell the ability to adhere to fibronectin and the human intestinal epithelial cell line, Intestine 407. In the third part of the study, the aim was to employ the surface display system to construct a live bacterial mucosal vaccine against porcine post-weaning diarrhoea and oedema disease, caused by F18-positive E. coli. The secretion efficiency of the receptor-binding domain of FedF, the adhesin of F18 fimbriae, was evaluated by translational fusion of FedF-PrtP to either one of the signal peptides of L. lactis Usp45 or L. brevis SlpA. Expression in the NICE system resulted in a larger protein yield with the SlpA signal peptide, which was used in further studies. Purified secreted FedF-protein was able to bind to isolated porcine epithelial cells. For efficient surface display of the receptor binding domain of FedF several parameters were evaluated, including length of FedF protein, length of PrtP spacer, type of cell wall anchor, and host background (wild type L. lactis NZ9000 and an NZ9000htrA mutant). The strongest adhesion to isolated porcine intestinal epithelial cells was attained with a construct comprising 42 amino acid residues FedF adhesin, 516 amino acid residues PrtP spacer, and the AcmA cell wall anchor, produced in the NZ9000htrA mutant. In the fourth study, the FedF surface display system was further developed for constitutive expression. For this, a set of artificial promoters were synthesized and used to express the gene fusion. With the strongest constitutive promoter, L. lactis cells surface displayed FedF to the same extent as with optimized nisin induction, indicating the attainment of an optimal constitutive expression level for the construct. |
| Avainsanat: | mikrobiologi |
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