| Nimeke: | Effects of oral calcium sensitizers on experimental heart failure |
| Tekijä: | Louhelainen, Marjut |
| Muu tekijä: | Helsingin yliopisto, lääketieteellinen tiedekunta, biolääketieteen laitos Helsingfors universitet, medicinska fakulteten, biomedicinska institutionen University of Helsinki, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine |
| Päiväys: | 2010-01-29 |
| Taso: | Väitöskirja (artikkeli) |
| Tiivistelmä: | Oral calcium sensitizer levosimendan and its active metabolite OR-1896 improve cardiac functions and prevent harmful cardiac remodeling in an experimental heart failure
Calcium sensitizers is a novel class of inotropic agents that may possess potential advantages for the treatment of acute decompensated heart failure and other low output heart failure situations as compared with conventional inotropic drugs. Levosimendan, the only calcium sensitizer in clinical use at the moment, mediates its cardiac effect by the calcium sensitization of the contractile protein troponin C. Besides increasing the strength of cardiac contractions, levosimendan also exerts vasodilatory effects through opening of the sarcolemmal and mitochondrial ATP-sensitive potassium channels. The major elimination route of levosimendan is conjugation with glutathione to cysteine and cysteinylglycine conjugates. A minor metabolism route is reduction of levosimendan in intestine by bacteria into metabolite OR-1855, which is further acetylated to OR-1896, a long-lasting metabolite sharing the pharmacological properties of the parent compound. Currently levosimendan is used only as 24-h systemic infusion. The present study aimed at exploring the cardiovascular effects of oral calcium sensitizers in two different animal models of heart failure, namely in hypertensive and salt-sensitive Dahl/Rapp rats on high salt diet (a model of hypertensive heart failure with preserved systolic function), and in spontaneously diabetic Goto-Kakizaki rat with experimental myocardial infarction induced by coronary artery ligation (a model of post-infarct heart failure with impaired systolic functions). We were able to demonstrate that, in Dahl/Rapp rats, both levosimendan and OR-1896 prevented mortality, produced a transient decrease in blood pressure, prevented cardiac hypertrophy and improved cardiac contractility. These beneficial effects were associated with decreased cardiac ANP mRNA expression, a marker of pressure/volume overload, attenuation of oxidative stress, inflammatory response and cellular senescence. In Goto-Kakizaki rats, levosimendan and OR-1896 prevented MI-induced systolic heart failure, pronounced cardiac hypertrophy in the remote area, and sustained cardiomyocyte apoptosis. The beneficial effects of calcium sensitizers were associated with decreased myocardial ANP, inflammatory IL-6, and fibrogenic CTGF mRNA expressions, and corrections of MI-induced disturbances in calcium-handling proteins (SERCA2, Na+-Ca2+-exhanger). In conclusion, findings from the present study suggest a therapeutic role for oral calcium sensitizers in the treatment of hypertension-induced heart failure with preserved systolic function as well as in the prevention of post-infarct heart failure with decreased systolic function. |
| Avainsanat: | farmakologia |
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