Selaus nimekkeen mukaan kokoelmassa VATT Working Papers

Viitteet 91-110 / 164

    • A Note on the Effects of Income-Splitting under Dual Income Tax 

      Kari, Seppo; Ropponen, Olli
      VATT Working Papers : 81 (Valtion taloudellinen tutkimuskeskus VATT, 14.10.2016)
      This paper reconsiders the income-splitting rules of the Nordic dual income tax system, introduced to address the incentives to shift income between labor and capital income tax bases. These rules impute a return on equity, ...

    • A Note on the Robustness of Card and Krueger (1994) and Neumark and Wascher (2000) 

      Ropponen, Olli
      VATT Working Papers : 25 (Valtion taloudellinen tutkimuskeskus VATT, 14.06.2011)
      This note adds to the discussion originating from David Card and Alan B. Krueger (1994; CK) and David Neumark and William Wascher (2000; NW). It re-evaluates their results by using the semiparametric difference-in-differences ...

    • On the reliability of retrospective unemployment information in European household panel data 

      Kyyrä, Tomi; Wilke, Ralf A.
      VATT Working Papers : 21 (Valtion taloudellinen tutkimuskeskus VATT, 31.01.2011)
      The retrospectively recalled calendar of activities in the European Community Household Panel is a prime resource for cross country analysis of unemployment experience. We investigate the reliability of these data and find ...

    • On the role of public price information in housing markets 

      Lyytikäinen, Teemu; Eerola, Essi
      VATT Working Papers : 30 (Valtion taloudellinen tutkimuskeskus VATT, 23.04.2012)
      This paper studies the impact of increased price information on the functioning of the housing market. We first study the implications of new information for market outcomes in a theoretical framework so as to disentangle ...

    • Once or Twice a Month? The Impact of Payment Frequency on Spending Behavior 

      Laamanen, Jani-Petri; Matikka, Tuomas; Paukkeri, Tuuli
      VATT Working Papers : 147 (Valtion taloudellinen tutkimuskeskus, 23.09.2022)
      We study how the frequency of income payments affects consumption and spending behavior using plausibly exogenous variation across Finnish pension benefit recipients with different surname initials. We find that twice-a-month ...

    • One or Two Tiers of Local Government? – The Cost Effects of a Regional Experiment 

      Moisio, Antti; Hämäläinen, Kari
      VATT Working Papers : 65 (Valtion taloudellinen tutkimuskeskus VATT, 24.09.2015)
      This paper evaluates the cost effects of a Finnish regional self-government experiment. The experiment introduced a new intermediate tier of local administration that was given the responsibility to organize 60 per cent ...

    • Open or Closed? How List Type Affects Electoral Performance, Candidate Selection, and Campaign Effort 

      Hangartner, Dominik; Ruiz, Nelson A.; Tukiainen, Janne
      VATT Working Papers : 120 (Valtion taloudellinen tutkimuskeskus, 12.07.2019)
      What effect does using open (as opposed to closed) lists in proportional representation elections have on party performance and the quality of candidate selection? We provide novel evidence by studying local elections in ...

    • Optimal Patent Policy for Pharmaceutical Industry 

      Izhak, Olena; Saxell, Tanja; Takalo, Tuomas
      VATT Working Papers : 131 (Valtion taloudellinen tutkimuskeskus, 20.05.2020)
      We show how characterizing optimal patent policy for the pharmaceutical industry only requires information about generic producers’ responses to changes in the effective duration and scope of new drug patents. To estimate ...

    • The optimal tax treatment of housing capital in the neoclassical growth model 

      Eerola, Essi; Määttänen, Niku
      VATT Working Papers : 3 (Valtion taloudellinen tutkimuskeskus VATT, 30.03.2009)
      In a dynamic setting, housing capital is both an asset and a consumption good. But should it be taxed like other forms of consumption or like other forms of capital? We analyze this question by considering the taxation of ...

    • Paying Moms to Stay Home: Short and Long Run Effects on Parents and Children 

      Gruber, Jonathan; Huttunen, Kristiina; Kosonen, Tuomas
      VATT Working Papers : 151 (Valtion taloudellinen tutkimuskeskus, 29.11.2022)
      We study the impacts of a policy designed to reward mothers who stay at home rather than join the labor force when their children are under age three. We use regional and over time variation in child home care allowance ...

    • Physician Prices and Competition: Evidence from Acquisitions in the Private Health Care Sector 

      Saxell, Tanja; Nurminen, Mikko
      VATT Working Papers : 130 (Valtion taloudellinen tutkimuskeskus, 30.04.2020)
      We consider the effects of mergers and acquisitions for private physicians, who compete for patients on price. To estimate the effects, we use nationwide administrative data on private physicians and the organization of ...

    • Political Representation and Effects of Municipal Mergers 

      Harjunen, Oskari; Saarimaa, Tuukka; Tukiainen, Janne
      VATT Working Papers : 98 (Valtion taloudellinen tutkimuskeskus, 18.10.2017)
      We study the effects of municipal mergers using novel geocoded data on public sector jobs, housing transactions and local politicians’ place of residence. We find that total municipal expenditures evolve in the same way ...

    • Primary Effect in Open-List Elections 

      Meriläinen, Jaakko; Tukiainen, Janne
      VATT Working Papers : 79 (Valtion taloudellinen tutkimuskeskus VATT, 07.09.2016)
      We study how political parties select political leaders. Using regression discontinuity design and data from Finnish local elections, we find that parties use vote ranks to decide upon promotions. Moreover, we show that ...

    • Profit shifting of multinational enterprises: evidence from the Nordics 

      Viertola, Marika
      VATT Working Papers : 155 (Valtion taloudellinen tutkimuskeskus, 16.05.2023)
      This paper studies how Nordic multinational enterprises (MNEs) react to tax incentives generated by international corporate income tax rate differences and shift profit to low tax countries. A firm level panel data set ...

    • Public Employees as Politicians: Evidence from Close Elections 

      Hyytinen, Ari; Meriläinen, Jaakko; Saarimaa, Tuukka; Toivanen, Otto; Tukiainen, Janne
      VATT Working Papers : 78 (Valtion taloudellinen tutkimuskeskus VATT, 27.09.2016)
      We analyze the effect of municipal employees' political representation in municipal councils on local public spending. To quantify the effect, we use within-party, as-good-as random variation in close elections in the ...

    • Public Procurement versus Laissez-Faire: Evidence from Household Waste Collection 

      Meriläinen, Jaakko; Tukiainen, Janne
      VATT Working Papers : 113 (Valtion taloudellinen tutkimuskeskus, 20.12.2018)
      We document that switching from laissez-faire production to public procurement in residential waste collection in Finland reduces the number of firms active in the local market, but induces a statistically significant and ...

    • RD, investment and structural change in Finland: Is low investment a problem? 

      Berghäll, Elina
      VATT Working Papers : 6 (Valtion taloudellinen tutkimuskeskus VATT, 10.06.2009)
      Low aggregate investment in Finland has been argued to merely reflect structural change to an innovation economy, with high R&D levels adequately compensating for reduced physical investment. This paper briefly reviews the ...

    • Reconciling the evidence of Card and Krueger (1994) and Neumark and Wascher (2000) 

      Ropponen, Olli
      VATT Working Papers : 24 (Valtion taloudellinen tutkimuskeskus VATT, 29.04.2011)
      We employ the original Card and Krueger (1994) and Neumark and Wascher (2000) data together with the changes-in-changes (CIC) estimator to re-examine the evidence of the effect of minimum wages on employment. Our study ...

    • Regionalization and its effects in Finland – a regional AGE modelling analysis 

      Honkatukia, Juha; Kinnunen, Jouko; Ahokas, Jussi; Simola, Antti; Tamminen, Saara
      VATT Working Papers : 45 (VATT Institute for Economic ResearchValtion taloudellinen tutkimuskeskus VATT, 10.04.2013)
      Regional structural change is currently among the greatest challenges facing the public sector in many EU countries. In countries like Finland, where the public sectors have a large role in providing educational, health ...

    • Removing Welfare Traps: Employment Responses in the Finnish Basic Income Experiment 

      Verho, Jouko; Hämäläinen, Kari; Kanninen, Ohto
      VATT Working Papers : 142 (Valtion taloudellinen tutkimuskeskus, 17.03.2021)
      This paper provides evidence that replacing minimum unemployment benefits with a basic income of equal size has minor employment effects at best. We examine an experiment in Finland in which 2,000 benefit recipients were ...