fi=6132 Kuvataide ja muotoilu|sv=6132 Bildkonst och formgivning|en=6132 Visual arts and design|https://www.doria.fi:443/handle/10024/916962024-03-29T14:21:17Z2024-03-29T14:21:17ZFyra kejserliga monument i Finland : Tillkomst, mottagande och bemötandeAittomaa, Sofiahttps://www.doria.fi:443/handle/10024/1713272020-08-27T08:55:23Z2019-10-02T11:53:13ZFyra kejserliga monument i Finland : Tillkomst, mottagande och bemötande
Aittomaa, Sofia
This study (Four imperial monuments in Finland. Origin, reception and treatment) examines the entire life span of four imperial monuments in Finland: the colossal bust of Alexander I (1814), which has been located in various places in Turku and in Helsinki, the Stone of the Empress (1835) at the Market square in Helsinki, the monument of Alexander II (1894) on the Senate square in Helsinki and the monument of Peter the Great (1910) in Vyborg. All monuments originate from the so called “Imperial period” of Finnish history (1809–1917), when the Grand Duchy of Finland was part of the Russian Empire and the Russian emperor was the Grand Duke of Finland.
In the present thesis, the symbolic function of the monuments is examined in relation to the changing historical and political contexts. The purpose of the thesis is to reconstruct the history of the monuments, describe their design, placing and meanings during different times and political cycles. At the same time, various aspects of power connected to the monuments and their history are highlighted. By studying documents related to the monuments, their whole life span and changes in meaning is reconstructed and accounted for.
The study is based on an extensive empirical basic research, based mainly on archive material and supplemented by studies on contemporary day and week press. The thesis substudies are case studies, which focus on one (article I and II) or two (article III) individual monument projects. As a whole, the survey can be regarded as a case study of imperial monuments in Finland.
The result shows that there is a strong connection between, on the one hand, the monuments creation process, their message and reception and, on the other hand, their direct destruction/attempted destruction or status degradation. The reconstruction of the monuments history shows that their symbolic functions changed with the changing political conditions. The clearest change is the transition from Grand Duchy to Republic, but shifts of significance were already made during the time of the Grand Duchy. During their history, the monuments have repeatedly been reactualized and as the reconstructions of their history show, this has often happened in politically tense situations. The monuments were often reactualized in connection with other monument projects. In the thesis, examples are given that the new monument projects led to discussions about the existence, justification and placement of the imperial monuments. New national monument projects and existing imperial monuments often competed for one and the same place.
2019-10-02T11:53:13ZSilver Arms and Silk Heads : Medieval Reliquaries in the Nordic CountriesLahti, Sofiahttps://www.doria.fi:443/handle/10024/1703922020-08-27T08:55:24Z2019-09-04T05:26:10ZSilver Arms and Silk Heads : Medieval Reliquaries in the Nordic Countries
Lahti, Sofia
Helgonrelikernas närvaro var en helig kraft som omfattade allt från den rent religiösa upplevelsen till politikens och ekonomins sfärer i det medeltida samhället. Upplevelsen av denna närvaro skedde genom relikvarierna, som hörde till medeltidens värdefullaste och visuellt mest imponerande föremål. I Norden har relikvariernas historia dock hittills varit nästan okänd.
Syftet med avhandlingen är att utreda hur relikvarierna, särskilt hand- och huvudrelikvarier, upplevdes och uppfattades i det medeltida Norden: fokus ligger på på deras visuella egenskaper och hur de användes i olika religiösa och sekulära sammanhang. Detta görs genom en noggrann läsning av alla tillgängliga medeltida skriftliga källor, som till exempel mirakelsamlingar och testamenten, samt en analys av de existerande relikvarierna ur ikonografins och objektbiografins synvinkel.
Metodologiskt avgörande är att största delen av föremålen inte längre existerar, och att de skriftliga källornas information är fragmentarisk och ojämn. Detta innebär att en jämförelse mellan föremålen och en genomgående enhetlig frågeställning inte är möjliga, utan materialet måste analyseras utgående från de tillgängliga informationsfragmenten.
Resultatet är den första heltäckande sammanställningen av medeltida relikvariers historia i Norden; flera hittills okända artefakt har upptäckts i medeltida källor och nya insikter om de kända relikvariernas medeltida funktioner presenteras för första gången.
2019-09-04T05:26:10ZPicturing Carnal Temptation and Sin in Italian Post-Tridentine ImageryHamrin, Minnahttps://www.doria.fi:443/handle/10024/1636302020-08-27T10:11:51Z2018-11-02T12:59:16ZPicturing Carnal Temptation and Sin in Italian Post-Tridentine Imagery
Hamrin, Minna
I avhandlingen studeras bilder föreställande manliga helgons sexuella frestelser. Bilderna är producerade i Italien under 1600-talet, efter den katolska motreformationen och avspeglar den reformerade katolska kyrkan striktare hållning gentemot kroppsliga synder. Till skillnad från protestanterna, som avskaffat prästernas obligatoriska celibat, valde katolikerna att inte bara behålla traditionen, utan också understryka dess betydelse och anknytning till de heliga skrifterna. Bilderna på de heliga männen som frestas av kvinnor, men som också lyckas motstå dem, upphöjer således celibatet och bekräftar dess position inom den katolska tron. Det undersökta materialet består av oljemåleri, teckningar, grafik, fresco och skulptur. Verken analyseras ikonografiskt och i nära samband med helgonens biografier, religiösa texter och samtida konstkritik.
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Väitöskirjassa tutkitaan kuvia jotka esittävät miespuolisten pyhimysten seksuaalisia kiusauksia. Kuvat on tehty Italiassa 1600-luvulla, katolisen vastareformaation jälkeen ja heijastavat reformoidun katolisen kirkon tiukempaa asennetta ruumiillisia syntejä kohtaan. Päinvastoin kuin protestantit, jotka olivat poistaneet pappien ehdottoman selibaatin, valitsi katolinen kirkko, ei ainoastaan säilyttää perinteen, vaan myös korostaa sen merkitystä ja yhteyttä pyhiin kirjoituksiin. Kuvat, joissa naiset yrittävät vietellä pyhiä miehiä, jotka kuitenkin onnistuvat vastustamaan heitä, ylistävät siten selibaattia ja vahvistavat sen merkitystä katolisessa uskossa. Tutkittu aineisto koostuu öljymaalauksista, piirroksista, grafiikasta seinämaalauksista ja veistoksista. Teokset analysoidaan ikonograafisesti läheisessä yhteydessä pyhimyselämäkertoihin, uskonnollisiin kirjoituksiin ja aikansa taidekritiikkiin.
2018-11-02T12:59:16ZDrömmen som gick i kras : Alvar Aaltos centrumplan för Helsingfors 1959-1972 : bakgrund, utformning och bemötande i en samtida kontextJohansson, Evahttps://www.doria.fi:443/handle/10024/1612112020-08-27T08:55:26Z2018-08-27T10:53:32ZDrömmen som gick i kras : Alvar Aaltos centrumplan för Helsingfors 1959-1972 : bakgrund, utformning och bemötande i en samtida kontext
Johansson, Eva
Despite an abundance of literature on Alvar Aalto’s (1898–1976) life’s work, his city centre plans and the city centre plan for Helsinki in particular have not been studied in depth. The Aalto Helsinki plan was the last in a series of unrealised plans which were designed to move the main city centre of Helsinki towards the north. In contrast to earlier plans, Aalto’s city centre plan was twice approved by the city council as a basis for further planning.
The objective of this study is to improve the understanding of why the city centre plan for Helsinki, which Aalto worked on between 1959 and 1972, was not implemented. The background and creation of the plan are documented, after which its reception, which changed from initial admiration to final rejection, is analysed. A case study is used as the research method, and Bourdieu’s field theory and concepts are used as a framework for the examination of the internal relationships and positions of power of the various interest groups. The study is conducted in a political and city planning ideological context. Additionally, different views on functionalist city centre planning are compared. The primary objective is to relate Aalto’s interpretation to le Corbusier’s theory.
Public documents concerning the decision-making process and the further development of the city centre plan as well as Aalto’s own descriptions constitute the most important primary sources. Both elected and employed officials in the city administration as well as Aalto’s colleagues have contributed valuable oral information, without which a reconstruction of the events would have been virtually impossible. Research literature on CIAM and Team 10 are important for an understanding of why opposition formed among architects against Aalto and his city centre plan.
It is obvious that Aalto was among the first to focus on the shortcomings of the functionalist idea of a city centre; his life-long goal was to improve the functionalist heart of the city. In this thesis, his search for symbols of democracy is also highlighted. This coincided with his clients’ wishes to make the city centre of Helsinki a symbol of an independent nation. Various cultural buildings gathered together as an architectural whole, Parliament House, an accentuation of nature and incorporation of the landscape as a symbol of freedom were the answers in Helsinki. An examination of the decisions that formed the basis for the city centre design shows that Vapaudenkatu was one of the starting points. This was a given, and not Aalto’s own idea.
One important finding of the study is the insight that Aalto’s city centre plan was actively opposed. With the support of the Deputy Lord Mayor, officials started to delay the city centre plan to promote the metro project already around the turn of the year 1962–1963. The opposition continued at the political level until the decision to build a metro was made in 1969. Changing city planning ideals and political priorities contributed to the fact that Aalto’s plan began to be seen as outdated during the latter half of the 1960s. A location-specific, symbolic and history-based design was to be replaced by anonymous, universal and flexible solutions. Despite this, Aalto’s revised plan from 1972 constituted the basis for planning until the beginning of the 1990s.
2018-08-27T10:53:32Z